The kidneys are two symmetrical parts of the urinary system found near the back, on both sides of the spine. The function of the kidneys is to filter blood and turn the unwanted by-products to urine. Moreover, kidneys produce certain hormones and store large amounts of blood. Kidney cancer occurs because abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells in the kidneys and is a relatively common form of cancer. The most frequent form of kidney cancer is renal cell cancer, also called renal cell adenocarcinoma or hypernephroma. This type of cancer starts in the cells of the tubules. Other, less common types of kidney cancer are renal pelvis transitional cell cancer (TCC) and Wilm‘s tumour, which affects children. 

Signs that could mean kidney cancer are blood when urinating, lumps in the kidney area, loss of appetite and weight, weakness, fever, sweating and constant pain in one side.

The risk of a smoker to develop kidney cancer is thought to be twice as big as a non-smoker. Other risk factors are obesity, high blood pressure, kidney failure or kidney cysts, poor diet and high fat intake, painkillers, exposure to chemicals containing carcinogens as well as genetic conditions, such as Von Hippel Lindau syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis and Birt Hogg Dube syndrome.

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