Lung cancer is the malignant growth of cells in the tissue of the lung, which is the main respiratory organ of the human body. Most cases of lung cancer are categorised as carcinomas of the lung, which occur in mutated epithelial cells. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the UK. Around the globe, lung cancer causes more than a million deaths every year.

It is widely agreed that heavy smoking of cigarettes is the main cause of lung cancer. Lung cancer is more likely to be linked to the length of being a smoker than to the quantities of cigarettes. However, around 15 per cent of lung cancer patients are non-smokers. In these cases, the reasons for developing cancer may be air pollution, including passive smoking, genetic factors and hazardous materials, such as asbestos, metal dust, paints and radon. The risk to develop lung cancer is also increased if there are cases of this cancer in the family history. High intake of fruit and vegetables is thought to reduce the risk of lung cancer.

The most common symptoms are shortness of breath, persistent coughing, coughing up blood, weight loss, weakness and pain while breathing or coughing. Less common symptoms than usually mean an advanced stage of the cancer or spread of it to other organs include swelling of the face or neck, a hoarse voice, pain under the ribs and difficulty swallowing.

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