Thyroid cancer occurs in the thyroid gland, which is made up of two sections and found in the lower part of the neck. This gland is responsible for releasing hormones. The most common type of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid. Follicular thyroid cancer, medullar tumours and anaplastic tumours are less frequent types. Thyroid cancer is quite a rare condition with about 1750 cases a year in the UK. Women are much more likely to develop thyroid cancer than men.

The most common risk factors include certain non-cancerous thyroid conditions (inflammation, enlargement, adenomas), exposure to radiotherapy, especially in childhood, genetic factors (family history), a bowel condition called FAP (familial adenomatous polyposis) and low levels of iodine in the body. It has also been suggested that being taller than the average height, smoking and poor diet may increase the risk of thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer usually has quite high chances of survival, since it tends to develop slowly and usually does not spread from the thyroid after it is diagnosed. Thyroid cancer is unlikely to display symptoms in early stages of development. Possible symptoms include a lump at the front of the throat, hoarse voice as well as difficulty breathing and swallowing.

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